LETTER TO THE READERS

Kariko was eventually demoted in rank at UPenn for lack of grants, but is now a senior vice president at BioNTech, a German biotechnology company that was co-founded by a pair of Turkish married physicians at Mainz University. In particular, a recent letter to the government has asserted the importance of National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases' mRNA-1273 as a critical part of the invention and the contributors to numerous other patents which may have been funded by taxpayers. The key to this approach is translocation of the artificial mRNA coding for proteins of interest to the cytoplasm, transcription by the ribosome, and protein overproduction (as in the anti-spike protein antibodies).